Pneumatic hoists, also known as air hoists, are lifting devices powered by compressed air. Their construction prioritizes durability, safety, and adaptability to harsh environments. Below is a detailed breakdown of their main materials based on technical documentation and patents:

1. Core Components & Materials

a. Cylinder & Piston (Power Transmission)

Material:

Cylinder: High-strength aluminum alloy (e.g., 6061-T6) for corrosion resistance and lightweight design.

Piston Rod: Alloy steel (e.g., 4140) with hardened surfaces to withstand high pressure and repetitive motion.

Key Features:

Aluminum alloys are preferred for their thermal conductivity and ease of machining.

Piston rods often undergo nitriding or chroming to enhance wear resistance.

b. Load Chain (Lifting Mechanism)

Material:

High-tensile alloy steel (e.g., grade 80 or 100) or stainless steel (304/316L) for corrosion resistance.

Design:

Chains are case-hardened to withstand heavy loads (up to 50 tons in some models).

Stainless steel is used in marine or chemical environments to prevent rust.

c. Gearbox & Transmission

Material:

Case: Nodular cast iron (GGG40) or aluminum alloy for strength and vibration damping.

Gears: Carburized alloy steel (e.g., 20CrMnTi) with ground profiles to reduce backlash.

Technology:

Some designs use self-cooling gearboxes with airflow channels to prevent overheating during continuous operation.

d. Housing & Structural Components

Material:

Shell: Cast aluminum (ADC12) or stainless steel (304) for explosion-proof applications.

Brackets/Brackets: Mild steel (Q235) with powder-coated finishes for corrosion protection.

Patents:

Advanced models may incorporate carbon fiber-reinforced composites for lightweight strength in mobile applications.

e. Valves & Seals (Control System)

Material:

Valve Bodies: Stainless steel (316L) for chemical resistance.

Seals: Fluorocarbon rubber (FKM) or Nitrile rubber (NBR) for high-temperature and chemical compatibility.

Precision:

Valves often require CNC machining to meet tolerances <0.01mm for airtight operation.

2. Auxiliary Materials

Lubricants: High-temperature lithium-based grease to reduce friction in gears and bearings.

Fasteners: High-strength bolts (grade 8.8 or 10.9) with lock washers to prevent loosening under vibration.

Coatings:

Anodized aluminum for corrosion resistance.

Epoxy powder coatings on steel parts for outdoor use.

3. Material Selection Rationale

Weight vs. Strength: Aluminum and composites reduce weight while maintaining structural integrity.

Environmental Adaptability: Stainless steel and fluoropolymer seals suit marine, chemical, or explosive atmospheres.

Cost-Effectiveness: Cast iron and mild steel balance performance and affordability in non-critical components.

4. Industry-Specific Variations

Explosion-Proof Designs:

Use copper-free aluminum and antistatic coatings to prevent sparks in hazardous zones (e.g., ATEX-certified models).

High-Temperature Applications:

Inconel or nickel-plated steel components for temperatures exceeding 200°C.

The main equipment produced by Hebei Makita: stage electric hoist, electric chian hoist, wire rope electric hoist，Hand chain hoist, lever hoist, pneumatic hoist and other lifting equipment